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\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0623 \u062b\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"phead\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Henry E. Hale, \u201cRegime Change Cascades: What We Have Learned from the 1848 Revolutions to the 2011 Arab Uprisings\u201d, <em>Annual Review of Political Science<\/em> 16 (2013): 331.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/78858\">Michael Young, \u201cBye Bye Bashir\u201d, <em>Diwan<\/em>, 13 April 2019,<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/reports\/2019\/11\/191113122529079.html\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 13 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2019\u060c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/middleeast\/2011\/04\/110415_alegerai_legislative_reforms \">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c BBC \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 15 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2011<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2019\/10\/30\/is-this-arab-spring-2.0-pub-80220\">Marwan Muasher, \u201cIs This the Arab Spring 2.0?\u201d, <em>Carnegie Endowment for International Peace<\/em>, 30 October 2019,<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3dpMjXZ\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.. \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644\u060c 3 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2013\u060c<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Muasher, \u201cIs This the Arab Spring 2.0?\u201d, <em>Carnegie Endowment for International Peace<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/analysis-demand-for-change-in-arab-world-continues\/1685182\">Muhittin Ataman, \u201cDemand for change in Arab world continues\u201d, <em>Anadolu Agency<\/em>, 27 December 2019<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theafricareport.com\/59511\/sudan-the-highjacking-of-the-peoples-revolution-continues-on\/\">Dimah Mahmoud and Jihad Mashamoun, \u201cSudan: The hijacking of the people\u2019s revolution continues on\u201d, <em>The Africa Report<\/em>, 23 January 2021,<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/ar\/policy-analysis\/bd-amyn-mn-alhrak-aljzayry-ma-aldhy-thqq\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u2026 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646\u060c 31 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2021<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/north-africa-west-asia\/year-after-october-uprising-iraqis-have-more-reasons-protest\/?utm_source=tw%20\">Nabil Salih, \u201cA year after the October uprising, Iraqis have more reasons to protest\u201d, <em>Open Democracy<\/em>, 1 October 2020<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/menasource\/for-lebanon-the-only-way-out-is-either-revolution-or-reform\/\">Nabeel Khoury, \u201cFor Lebanon, the only way out is either revolution or reform\u201d, <em>Atlantic Council<\/em>, 10 August 2020,<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u00a0\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064c \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":888,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[149,131],"tags":[],"chapterschapters":[],"class_list":["post-826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-149","category-131"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/826","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/81"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=826"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/826\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3173,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/826\/revisions\/3173"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/888"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=826"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=826"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=826"},{"taxonomy":"chapterschapters","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fchapterschapters&post=826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}