{"id":1587,"date":"2022-07-25T14:02:25","date_gmt":"2022-07-25T11:02:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/?p=1587"},"modified":"2022-11-15T21:18:40","modified_gmt":"2022-11-15T18:18:40","slug":"%d8%b1%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%b1%d8%b6%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/?p=1587","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627: \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u0645 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href=\"#_ftn45\" name=\"_ftnref45\"><sup><sup>[45]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c \u06371 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 1352\u0647)\u060c \u0635130\u061b \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 1994\u0645)\u060c 2\/ 175\u060c 176<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0632\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 1962\u0645)\u060c \u0635284.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0635130\u061b \u0634\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u06371 (\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c 1937\u0645)\u060c \u0635162\u061b \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f. \u062a) \u0635155\u060c 156.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0635184.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 8\/196\u061b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0646\u0627\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c 1997\u0645)\u060c \u0635 37.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 14\/43.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0635 273\u060c 274\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0635194.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 35\/480 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0635253\u060c 163\u061b \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1980\u0645)\u060c \u0635479\u061b \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0635273.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 1\/211\u061b \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 33\/670\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0635178\u060c 179\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0647\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c 1997\u0645)\u060c \u063559.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u06374 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0641\u060c 1992\u0645)\u060c 1\/291.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 2011\u0645)\u060c \u063570.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0635317.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06373 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c 1997\u0645)\u060c \u063591.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u06375 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2005\u0645)\u060c \u06354.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0635130.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u06371 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c 1996\u0645)\u060c 1\/500\u060c 501. \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> Arnold J. Toynbee, A Study of History, (London: Oxford University press, 1948), Vol. III, p. 476.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u0634\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0635315.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 24\/441 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c 25\/257 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 1\/441 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c 22\/522 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c 24\/257 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 6\/433 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u061b 12\/501 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 2\/515\u060c 4\/896\u060c 5\/157 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1994\u0645)\u060c \u063577.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 1\/462 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c 2\/515\u060c 22\/522.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 4\/232\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0635 \u0633\u060c 11.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c 1\/129.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 2\/161 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c 269\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0635176.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 2\/515.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 10\/233\u060c 234\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0635177.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 25\/761 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u061b 28\/293 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0635147.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 17\/10.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 14\/715\u060c 716.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0635133 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u061b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c 1\/126.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u063a\u0636\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0635145\u061b \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0647: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f. \u062a) 1\/ 210 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u061b \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0643\u060c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u06371 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c 1990 \u0645)\u060c \u0635103 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 7\/212 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c 10\/233\u060c 234. \u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0634\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 &ndash;\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0647- \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 1\/14.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 14\/43.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 12\/276 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c 460 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 12\/819 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c 913 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c 19\/144 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a> \u0634\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0635316 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 1\/403\u061b \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 22\/525.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 1\/211\u061b \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 33\/670.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a[1]\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627[2]\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":119,"featured_media":3891,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[199,175,181,177],"tags":[],"chapterschapters":[],"class_list":["post-1587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-199","category-175","category-181","category-177"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1587","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/119"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1587"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1587\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3224,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1587\/revisions\/3224"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1587"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1587"},{"taxonomy":"chapterschapters","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fchapterschapters&post=1587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}