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\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\"><sup><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\"><sup><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 &#8220;\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0627&#8221; \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\"><sup><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0641 &#8220;\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0627&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0667\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b&#8221;.<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\"><sup><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 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name=\"_ftnref18\"><sup><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644: &#8220;\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\"><sup><sup>[27]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631: &#8220;\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629.&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\"><sup><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0649\u064b \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d<a href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\"><sup><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\"><sup><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0628\u063a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u063a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\"><sup><sup>[31]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0639.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Frederick Engels\u2019 Speech at the Grave of Karl Marx, Highgate Cemetery, London. March 17, 1883. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/archive\/marx\/works\/1883\/death\/burial.htm\">Link<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Turner, Bryan S. &#8220;Islam, capitalism and the Weber theses.&#8221; The British Journal of Sociology 25.2 (1974): 230-243.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627 (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0665). \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u0635\u0661\u0667\u0665-\u0661\u0667\u0666 &amp; \u0667\u0660\u0664: \u0667\u0662\u0660.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Hourani, A. (1983). Arabic thought in the liberal age 1798-1939. Cambridge University Press. p.360.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a (1989). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631.\u200e \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. &amp; \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0662). \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a: \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Wallerstein, I. (1974). The rise and future demise of the world capitalist system: Concepts for comparative analysis. Comparative studies in society and history, 16(4). p.415.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> G\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, E. (2016). The economic ideology of the Egyptian Muslim brotherhood: the changing discourses and practices. Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research, 4(3). P.62. &amp; Joya, A. (2020). The Roots of Revolt: A Political Economy of Egypt from Nasser to Mubarak. Cambridge University Press. p.157.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Atia, M. (2013). Building a house in heaven: Pious neoliberalism and Islamic charity in Egypt. U of Minnesota Press. p.26-27 &amp; 163-164.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a Devout \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 pious \u0644\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Joya, Ibid, p.158-159.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635\u0666\u0662. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635\u0663\u0666\u0660) \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> Al-Anani, K. (2020). Devout Neoliberalism?! Explaining Egypt&#8217;s Muslim Brotherhood&#8217;s Socio-economic Perspective and Policies. Politics and Religion, 13(4). p.9 &amp; 14.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 (\u0662\u0660\u0660\u0664)\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/2005\/05\/16\/%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86#5\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/a>. &amp; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a (\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> Joya, Ibid, p.158.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> Joya, Ibid, p.164.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661.\u00a0 TRT \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.trtarabi.com\/opinion\/%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-6060955\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0669). \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637. &amp; Joya, Ibid, p.158.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0660. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/opinions\/2020\/6\/23\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> G\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, Ibid, p.62.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0665). \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u0635\u0661\u0668\u0668.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> Interview with Joya 2005, Ibid. p.164.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> Al-Anani, Ibid, p.10.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0662\u0665 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0663. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sj4XWoOzCUk\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0669). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c &#8220;\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0661\u060c \u0635\u0662\u0660\u0666: \u0662\u0661\u0667<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> Willi, V. J. (2020). The Fourth Ordeal: A History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, 1968\u20132018. Cambridge University Press. p.157-166.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> Al-Anani, Ibid.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644 (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0668). \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0635 \u0662\u0665\u0667: \u0662\u0667\u0662 &amp; \u0662\u0668\u0664.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0647: \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u061f \u0641\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629! \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8221;\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":68,"featured_media":1350,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[135,159,175,131,141],"tags":[],"chapterschapters":[],"class_list":["post-1327","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-135","category-159","category-175","category-131","category-141"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1327","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/68"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1327"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1327\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2156,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1327\/revisions\/2156"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1327"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1327"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1327"},{"taxonomy":"chapterschapters","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fchapterschapters&post=1327"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}