{"id":1239,"date":"2022-01-27T12:32:36","date_gmt":"2022-01-27T09:32:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/?p=1239"},"modified":"2022-10-05T14:47:58","modified_gmt":"2022-10-05T11:47:58","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/?p=1239","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"pbody\">\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 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\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0667\u0660 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0661.&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\"><sup><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\">\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"phead\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 :<\/h1>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 (\u0661\u0664\u0662\u0665)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0661\u060c \u0635\u0663\u0662\u0661. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0667<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Wilmot, E. (1991). <em>The Great Powers 1814-1914<\/em>, Nelson Thornes Ltd, p.66-85.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Narayan, S. (2016). The Seeds of the &#8220;Springtime of the Peoples:&#8221; A Study in the Causes of the Revolutions of 1848, <em>Inquiries Journal<\/em>, Vol. 8.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Anceau, \u00c9. (2020) 1848, the European People\u2019s Spring, <em>Digital Encyclopedia of European History<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Wilmot, E. (1991). Ibid.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0635\u0640\u0663\u0663\u0661 \u2013 \u0663\u0663\u0662.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Smith, P. (1952) <em>Revolutions of 1848: A Social History<\/em>, Princeton University Press, p. 3.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Almond, M. (2012). The Arab Spring \u2013 Contemporary Revolutions in Historical Comparison&#8221;. <em>All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace<\/em>, Vol. 1: 35-53<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Narayan, S. (2016) Ibid.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Narayan, S. (2016) Ibid.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c (\u0662\u0668 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0668). \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> Smith, P. (1952) Ibid, p. 6.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> Bayly, C. (2004). <em>The Birth of the Modern World: 1780-1914<\/em>, as cited in Narayan, S. Ibid.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> Sperber, J. (2017). <em>Revolutionary Europe, 1780-1850<\/em>. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, chapter 9.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> Sperber, J. Ibid, chapter 5.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pbody\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0665<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":112,"featured_media":1279,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,157,131],"tags":[],"chapterschapters":[],"class_list":["post-1239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-133","category-157","category-131"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1239","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/112"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1239"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1239\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3207,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1239\/revisions\/3207"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1279"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1239"},{"taxonomy":"chapterschapters","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subulmagazine.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fchapterschapters&post=1239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}