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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/h2>\n

[1]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> S. Johnson, Aaron. “A Revolutionary Young Ottoman: Ali Suavi (1839-1878)” (Unpublished Doctoral\u2019s Thesis). institute of Islamic Studies,McGill University, Montreal, June 2012: 17<\/em><\/p>\n

[2]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Kemal BEYD\u0130LL\u0130, “YEN\u0130 OSMANLILAR CEM\u0130YET\u0130”, D\u0130A, \u0130stanbul 2013, 43. cilt, s. 431 <\/em><\/p>\n

[3]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631-1908)\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 2014\u060c \u0635 88-89<\/p>\n

[4]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Hanio\u011flu, M.\u015e\u00fckr\u00fc, A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire<\/em>, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 2008, p. 104<\/p>\n

[5]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> A Revolutionary Young Ottoman: Ali Suavi (1839-1878), <\/em>p. 4<\/p>\n

[6]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0634\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635 17<\/p>\n

[7]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire<\/em>, p. 104<\/p>\n

[9]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> A Revolutionary Young Ottoman: Ali Suavi (1839-1878), <\/em>p. 30<\/p>\n

[10]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> YEN\u0130 OSMANLILAR CEM\u0130YET\u0130, D\u0130A, \u0130stanbul 2013, 43. cilt, s. 431<\/em><\/p>\n

[11]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> A Revolutionary Young Ottoman: Ali Suavi (1839-1878), p. 30-31<\/em><\/p>\n

[12]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0634\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635 17<\/p>\n

[13]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 18<\/p>\n

[14]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> YEN\u0130 OSMANLILAR CEM\u0130YET\u0130, D\u0130A, \u0130stanbul 2013, 43. cilt, s. 432<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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